Depaul Essays - 960 Words

Why have you chosen to apply to the Kellstadt Graduate School of Business? What are your short and long-term career objectives? How will the program assist you in pursuing your career objectives? Since deciding to attend law school, I have sought a position at a large company where I could utilize my education and work ethic to build a career. Additionally, I have looked for an environment that would allow me to continue to develop both personally and professionally. In working as an attorney for the past two years, I have found a great interest in the field of taxation. Though approaching taxation from a legal perspective has exposed me to a variety of tax issues, I have realized that my interest lies in the numbers behind the taxes.†¦show more content†¦When pressed further, he indicated that he thought his wife was too strict with the child and that was his basis for claiming abuse. In order to address the issue, I explained to the client the consequences, both legal and moral, to making false claims. I also reminded him of the philosophy that we agreed to at the start of the representation. The client said that he understood but thought that making the claim would be the only way to gain custody of his child. When I explained the other, more ethical options available, he insisted that he continue with the claim. At that point, I informed him that I would have to end my representation and that he would have to seek the assistance of another attorney. Although I was able to terminate the representation without violating any of my ethical obligations, the situation taught me some important lessons that I utilized later in my career. Primarily, I learned that potential issues could be identified early and addressed before they escalated. In this case, the requests being made by the client should have been an indication of his overall intention to conduct the divorce in an unnecessarily aggressive manner not conducive to the health of himself and his family. When issues are taken care of promptly, their magnitude is reduced and their impact on the relationship is minimized. This approach has become an integral part ofShow MoreRelatedDiversity, Community, And Social Justice Reflection1402 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity, Community, Social Justice Reflection Essay As an active member of the LGBTQIA+ community at DePaul and at home, I know quite a few trans* people, or at least more than most, and the one thing I am most concerned about is being a good ally. I’m embarrassed to say that only since arriving at DePaul I’ve begun to look more into how any of my words or actions may come across as hurtful or as microaggressions. I’ve had issues with my gender identity in the past, primarily becauseRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology1094 Words   |  5 Pagesaffecting my daily emotions, thoughts, and stresses. The areas of Psychology that push me toward my future goals and explain who I am today are my nurture, growth mindset, and motivation. Seeking to make sense of my past, present and future, this essay was written. From the point of view of an outside observer, it is understandable one may not understand the childhood that has had a profound impact in my later years. My parents are the two people I trust most in the world. This will change, inevitablyRead More Indian Culture And How It Translates to America Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pagesto find a way to continue to practice their beliefs in their new home. â€Å"I went to school here, became Americanized, Fazel says, explaining that in recent years he had started to engage in haram (prohibited) activities such as partying (Williams, DePaul). When you are young you are more susceptible to have leeway on your current beliefs while trying to have a good time. Even things like clothing can be influenced when coming to a new country. Conservative women in India make sure to cover themselvesRead MoreReality Is A Hard Trail1305 Words   |  6 Pagesprotecting students. It was reported that other universities have already begun to shield students from controversial speeches, like the one that was supposed to be held in DePaul University. Ben Shapiro, a conservative speaker, was denied to speak at the school due to his previous speeches instigating protests on other campuses. DePaul claimed that lack the necessary security for protecting both the speaker and students, should a riot actually break out. In this instance, we may be lead to believe thatRead MoreStudent At Depaul University For Three Years Now973 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Essay I have been a student at DePaul University for three years now. Over the course of my stay I have grown and learned how to write essays as Biology major. This class pointed out to me the things that science majors tend to neglect when they write their essays and lab reports; for example, punctuation, and citation. This is something I’ve gotten better at, but still improving. Most importantly, I’ve learned how to analyze a text. The scientific essays I am used to reading, rarelyRead MoreTo what extent has social media changed the way celebrities communicate to their fans?950 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication such as fax and mail. Among these users of social media are the famous figures many dub as celebrities who have embraced the introduction of social media and utilise the various websites in order to communicate with their fans. This essay will discuss the uses of social media among celebrities, how it has changed from previous methods of communication between fans and celebrities and whether to use the medium is a change for the better. The viewpoint taken will be mostly from celebritiesRead MoreThe Social And Physical Environment Of College Students831 Words   |  4 PagesIn the final months of the spring semester, high school seniors are working hard; filling out college applications, studying for the ACT, or submitting scholarship essays. Students spend copious amount of time on these tasks because they are ready and excited for their future. These young academics may be choosing an institution based on its research programs, athletics or study abroad opportunities. However, most of these students do not considered how this radical change in their social and physicalRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Procrastination854 Words   |  4 Pagesnot giving it my best effort. This supports the claim that a students impulsivity distracts them, leading to procrastination. Furthermore, students often think that they work better under pressure; however, Joseph Ferrari, psychology professor at DePaul University, believes otherwise. He states that, â€Å"Students seem to remember the one time that maybe waiting until the last minute did pay off with a good grade, but they forget the other nine times when it didnt.† In other words, students think theyRead MoreEssay about Overcoming Procrastination is Not an Easy Task1333 Words   |  6 PagesSweitzer 11). A person that procrastinates must realize they have a problem and find effective ways to overcome procrastination because they are putting their health, family and job at risk. According to Joseph Ferrari, a Professor of psychology at DePaul University, states that twenty percent of people realize they are chronic procrastinators which is a lifestyle to them. Some procrastinators are not born but pick up the behavior from family members (12). There are various reasons why people procrastinateRead MoreFemale Oppression : Religion Or Culture?1992 Words   |  8 PagesSaadawi is and where she comes from to gain knowledge of her perceptive.Often times in the Islamic world, Saadawi is not considered Muslim and known to be too radical and blasphemous. That is not the perception being supported in this essay. The purpose of this essay is not to discredit Saadawi’s story, but to show that her story is at times used to support anti-Islamic stereotypes. Most commonly â€Å"many of the authors are elites who have left their countr[y]†(Smith), but Saadawi is not from an elite

Eat Well, Feel Better. the Link Between What We Eat and Our Mental Health Free Essays

Eat well, feel better. The link between what we eat and our mental health. Table of contents 1 Introduction Page 2 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Eat Well, Feel Better. the Link Between What We Eat and Our Mental Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Background information Page 2 1. 2 Aim Page 2 1 Methodology Page 2 2. 3 Primary research Page 2 2. Secondary research Page 2 3 Findings Page 3 3. 1 What is mental illness Page 3 3. 2 The link between food and mental health Page 4 4 Conclusions Page 5 5 Recommendations Page 6 6 Bibliography Page 7 . Introduction 1. 1 Background Information In recent years there has been an increase of mental health problems in our society. According to the Department of Health(2012) one in four adults experience mental illness at some point during their lifetime and one in six experience symptoms of mental illness – thus making it the largest single cause of disability in our society. Many people choose to take control of their mental health by using self-help approaches alongside, or even instead of, prescribed medication and talking therapies. Making changes to diet and eating habits is just one approach that some people have used to help improve their mental well-being. The links between diet and mental health are less clearly understood than links between diet and physical health. There are some generally accepted trends and pieces of advice than can help when thinking about what you eat and drink. 1. 2 Aim This report is going to outline what mental health is and how it affects people. It is going to research how what you eat affects your mental health and how eating or not eating certain foods can contribute to a person’s mental wellbeing. It is also going to suggest the types of foods that are good to help maintain mental wellbeing and tell the reader why and how these foods make a person with mental health problems feel. 2. Methodology 2. 1Primary research The time allotted for this report did not allow for any accurate primary research to be done as this would have involved drawing up questionnaires, handing them out to a target group, collecting them in and analysing the findings all of which would be a time consuming task. 2. 2 Secondary Research In the report secondary sources from various websites are the main source of information. There is limited information in books about this as it is a very current topic and websites such as www. mind. org and www. sustainweb. org have been carrying out research on this subject and have a lot of valuable information. 3. Findings 3. 1 what is mental illness Mental illness is a term used when someone experiences significant changes in their thinking, feelings or behavior. The changes are usually bad enough to affect how the person functions and can cause distress to them or to other people. It may cause Anxiety, Depression, Suicidal Thoughts, Sleep Deprivation and a general feeling of unease and despair. A person with a mental illness sees things differently than a person without a mental illness and something simple to a non-sufferer can be life changing to a sufferer and can lead to the illness taking over where it is a downwards spiral in to the depths of depression. This then become a vicious circle of depression leading to the sleep deprivation which in turn leads to anxiety attacks which can then lead to feelings of despair and maybe even suicidal thoughts which then brings the sufferer straight back to the beginning were they are anxious about what might happen next and starts the circle all over gain. 3. 2 Research According to Youngminds(2012) there is increasing evidence of a link between what we eat and how we feel. This is called the ‘food – mood’ connection. How we feel influences what we choose to eat or drink and vice versa – and a healthy diet can help to protect our mental health. Mental health problems are believed to be the result of a co mbination of factors, including age, genetics and environmental factors. One of the most obvious, yet under-recognised factors in the development of major trends in mental health is the role of nutrition. Sustain(2010) indicates that a balanced mood and feelings of well-being can be helped by ensuring that our diet provides adequate amounts of certain foods such as foods that contain;- * Complex carbohydrates, Glucose from the carbohydrates we eat provides the brain’s main source of fuel. Without this fuel, we can’t think clearly. Some carbs are better than others. Sugar, white pasta and biscuits will only give you a short burst of energy. You’ll feel tired and grumpy when the sugar high wears off and for someone with mental health issues this could then trigger a series of emotions. . If you eat lots of sugary foods, fizzy drinks and stimulants such as coffee, tea or alcohol, your blood sugar levels go up and down. This can make you irritable, anxious, and dizzy, it can also lead to poor concentration and aggressive behaviour. Complex carbohydrates†, such as wholegrain, beans and vegetables, are a better choice because they give you sustained energy and you don’t get that come down feeling when they wear off. * Essential fats, Essential fats, found mainly in oily fish, seeds and nuts, cannot be made within the body, so we have to get them from food. Sixty per cent of the brain is made of fat, and the fats we eat directly affect its structure. A lack of omega-3 fatty acids has been linked to various mental health problems, including depression and lack of concentration. * Amino acids, Proteins found mainly in meat, fish and soya products are broken down in the body to be used as amino acids, which are vital to good mental health. Brain messengers are made in the body from the proteins that we eat. If we don’t get enough amino acids it can lead to feelings of depression, apathy, lack of motivation or tension. * Vitamins and minerals Vitamins such as b ,c , e and folate along with minerals such as zinc and magnesium which are found in foods such as green leafy vegetables ,eggs ,red meat ,yeasts ,nuts, whole grains and fruits are all good to help combat mental health issues. * Water is also very good. This is also backed up by information given by Youngminds(2012) and sustain(2012). This is, of course, the same type of healthy balanced diet that is widely recommended to reduce our risk of developing coronary heart disease, strokes, a range of cancers, diabetes and a number of digestive disorders and conditions. The diet that would give us the right amount and balance of these nutrients would contain: * lots of different vegetables and fruit * a wide variety of whole grains, * nuts, seeds and legumes, * and some occasional oily fish, lean meat and dairy products. Mind(2012) says the body of evidence linking diet and mental health is growing at a rapid pace. As well as its impact on short and long-term mental health, the evidence indicates that food plays an important contributing role in the development, management and prevention of specific mental health problems such as * depression, schizophrenia, * attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), * Alzheimer’s disease. This is also backed up by sustain(2010) and mentalhealthfoundation(2012). The evidence so far does not show that these conditions can be prevented or cured by diet alone. However, evidence is accumulating that the combination of polyunsaturated fats, minerals and vitamins may help to: †¢relieve the symptoms of s ome mental illnesses; †¢improve the effectiveness of medication for some conditions; and †¢reduce the unpleasant side-effects of some medications. Comfort eating is another symptom of mental health issues, eating or drinking the foods that give false highs but also bring that depressed low feeling when the effects of the chemicals released in the brain ware off. Mind(2012) states If you eat lots of sugary foods, fizzy drinks and stimulants such as coffee, tea or alcohol, your blood sugar levels go up and down. This can make you irritable, anxious, and dizzy, It can also lead to poor concentration and aggressive behaviour. Even with all the information that is out there not many people realise the link between food and mental health. Mentalhealthfeedingminds(2012) states that the role of diet in the nation’s mental health has yet to be fully understood and embraced, and shifts in policy and practice have been slow to materialise. Possible reasons include a lack of awareness of the evidence, scepticism as to its quality and vested interests in other treatments and approaches. 4. Conclusions The aim of this report was to show the link between food and mental health and to show how certain foods effect how we feel. Whilst researching this topic the author found that there is a definite link between food and mental health although not enough research has been done in this area to allow for an extensive report to be carried out. The websites that have researched this issue are trusted and credible websites but they lack the resources to investigate further or carry out primary research on this matter. 5. Recommendations A recommendation would be for extensive medical research to be carried out in this area with doctors and nutritionist working together to teach people with mental health issues how to help themselves by maintaining a healthy and balanced diet. Also primary research should be done on a target group of people with mental health issues were they keep a food diary of what they eat for a period of time noting how they felt and if there was an improvement on their mental health. References Bibliography * Departmentofhealth. (2012)Mentalhealth. Available from. www. dh. gov. uk. (Accessed02/10/2012). Ispsuk. (2012). What is mental illness and what is mental health? Availablefrom. www. ispsuk. org(2012. Accessed. 04/10/2012 * Mentalhealthintheuk. (2012). Mindguidetofoodandmood. Available from. www. mentalhealthintheuk. co. uk/Mindguidetofood. pdf. Accessed02/10/2012 * Mentalhealthfoundation. (2012). DietandMentalHealth. Availablefromwww. mentalhealth. org. uk/help-information/mental-health-a- z/D/diet. 2012. Accessed. 04/10/2012 * Mentalhealthy. (2012). Self-help Depression Availablefrom;www. mentalhealthy. co. uk/lifestyle/mind-food/food-for-good-mental-health. Accessed03. 0. 2012 * Mindforbettermentalhealth. (2012). Mind guide to food and mood. Availablefrom;www. mind. org. uk/help/medical_and_alternative_care/food_and_mood-the_mind_guide. Accessed. 02. 10. 2012. * Sustainweb. (2010). Howarefoodandmentalhealthrelated? Availablefrom;. www. sustainweb. org/foodandmentalhealth. Accessed. 02/10/2012. * Youngminds. (2012). Youngmindsthevoiceofyoungpeoplesmentalhealthandwellbeing. availablefrom;http://www. youngminds. org. uk/for_children_young_people/better_mental_health/look_after_your_body? gclid=CJWfjqiRurMCFUVZ3godwEEAFQ. A ccessed. 02. 10. 2012. How to cite Eat Well, Feel Better. the Link Between What We Eat and Our Mental Health, Papers

Disaster Recovery Plan free essay sample

Plan Provide an overview of the organization that will be delivered to senior management, defining the business goals and objectives and the size, layout, and structure of the organization. TechWidgets Inc. , is an e-commerce company that provides merchandise to its customers through a web store. The core infrastructure is made up of 10 web servers in a single cluster to handle browsing requests, 5 servers in the web store clusters to hand transactions and processing and a data cluster stored on a storage area network (SAN). The core network is connected to the internet via 2 high speed connections (T-3) from two different providers. This infrastructure is replicated in the organizations alternate hot site for immediate failover in the event of a disaster to prevent any unscheduled downtime as well as being able to appropriately load balance any spikes in activity that would provide a less than adequate shopping experience for customers. The primary data center is located in Los Angeles, California and the hot site data center is located in Atlanta, Georgia. When it comes to data backup and restoration for the servers at DLIS after any given natural disaster, we recommend using the services of Carbonite for offsite vaulting. Their services include automatic backup, anytime anywhere access, easy file recovery, web-based dashboard, automatic video backup, free valet Install, U. S based support, unlimited computers, external drives and NAS devices, HIPAA Compatible, and unlimited Windows Servers. For email services we recommend using Outlook: email cloud. Migrating email to the cloud offers substantial financial savings and eliminates on-site mail system infrastructure. The company can avoid email server backups, shrink email support time, off-load maintenance, and bypass the need for server-based anti-virus, anti-spam and email filtering products, For email security, we recommend using Barracudas Email Security Service. They offer business continuity, security, data loss prevention, encryption, and optimized email. When a disaster strikes, Barracuda is prepared to forward emails to a secondary email server and spooling emails for up to 96 hours which ensures emails are delivered during disaster recovery situations. Their security uses the most advanced technology to block the latest spam, viruses, worms, and DoS attacks. For DLP (Data Loss Prevention), they scan emails and attachments for keywords like social security and automatically block or encrypt sensitive emails. Lastly, they provide the option for users to encrypt their emails while administrators can enforce encryption policies on classes of email. RISK MANAGMENT There are many potential disruptive threats which can occur at any time and affect the normal business process. We have considered a wide range of potential threats and the results of our deliberations are included in this section. Each potential environmental disaster or emergency situation has been examined. The focus here is on the level of business disruption which could arise from each type of disaster. Potential disasters have been assessed as follows: Potential Disaster Probability Rating Impact Rating Brief Description Of Potential Consequences Remedial Actions Flood 3 4 All critical equipment is located on 1st Floor Fire 3 4 FM200 suppression system installed in main computer centers. Fire and smoke detectors on all floors. Tornado 5 Electrical power failure 3 4 Redundant UPS array together with auto standby generator that is tested weekly remotely monitored 24/7. UPSs also remotely monitored. Loss of communications network services 4 4 Two diversely routed T1 trunks into building. WAN redundancy, voice network resilience Probability: 1=Very High, 5=Very LowImpact: 1=Total destruction, 5=Minor annoyance PLAN TRIGGERING EVENTS Key trigger issues at headquarters that would lead to activation of the DRP are: Total loss of all communications Total loss of power Flooding of the premises Loss of the building ASSEMBLY POINTS Where the premises need to be evacuated, the DRP invocation plan identifies two evacuation assembly points: †¢Primary – Far end of main parking lot; †¢Alternate – Parking lot of company across the street ACTIVATION OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM When an incident occurs the Emergency Response Team (ERT) must be activated. The ERT will then decide the extent to which the DRP must be invoked. All employees must be issued a Quick Reference card containing ERT contact details to be used in the event of a disaster. Responsibilities of the ERT are to: †¢Respond immediately to a potential disaster and call emergency services; †¢Assess the extent of the disaster and its impact on the business, data center, etc. ; †¢Decide which elements of the DR Plan should be activated; †¢Establish and manage disaster recovery team to maintain vital services and return to normal operation; †¢Ensure employees are notified and allocate responsibilities and activities as required. DISASTER RECOVERY TEAM The team will be contacted and assembled by the ERT. The teams responsibilities include: †¢Establish facilities for an emergency level of service within 2.  0 business hours; †¢Restore key services within 4. 0 business hours of the incident; †¢Recover to business as usual within 8. 0 to 24. 0 hours after the incident; †¢Coordinate activities with disaster recovery team, first responders, etc. †¢Report to the emergency response team. EMERGENCY ALERT, ESCALATION, AND DRP ACTIVATION This policy and procedure has been established to ensure that in the event of a disaster or crisis, personnel will have a clear understanding of who should be contacted. Procedures have been addressed to ensure that communications can be quickly established while activating disaster recovery. The DR plan will rely principally on key members of management and staff who will provide the technical and management skills necessary to achieve a smooth technology and business recovery. Suppliers of critical goods and services will continue to support recovery of business operations as the company returns to normal operating mode. EMERGENCY ALERT The Emergency Response Team (ERT) is responsible for activating the DRP for disasters identified in this plan, as well as in the event of any other occurrence that affects the company’s capability to perform normally. One of the tasks during the early stages of the emergency is to notify the Disaster Recovery Team (DRT) that an emergency has occurred. The notification will request DRT members to assemble at the site of the problem and will involve sufficient information to have this request effectively communicated. The Business Recovery Team (BRT) will consist of senior representatives from the main business departments. The BRT Leader will be a senior member of the companys management team, and will be responsible for taking overall charge of the process and ensuring that the company returns to normal working operations as early as possible.

Usa in the Second Half of the 19th Century Essay Example

Usa in the Second Half of the 19th Century Essay The second half of the 19th century introduced a new style of enterprise to America, Big Business. The 19th century values of work and of being an independent business man clashed with the modern 20th century values of extreme expansion with large work forces and of earning the most money possible. The rise of the robber barons and the captains of industry helped the economy by pushing America into first place in the production of several products and by creating many new jobs. Although these new opportunities appealed to the masses, not everyone was satisfied by his new occupation. The creation of labor unions was a reaction to the numerous complaints about working conditions, wages, and work hours. The first unions protested with peace and reason. Once they realized that nothing could be accomplished through negotiation, drastic measures were taken and violence was the answer to their problems. The clashes between management and workforce in the Great Railroad Strike, Homestead Strike, and Pullman Strike emphasize these crises that were resolved through force and destruction. Economic depression in 1873 was the main factor in setting off the 10% wage cuts and shortening of work days in the railroad business. In 1877, Laborers took action by seizing control of the rails by sequestering the rail switches and by blockading freight trains, only letting passenger trains through. Strikes broke out in many cities including Baltimore where 10 protesters and bystanders were killed by the local militia. Engulfed in rage, the laborers rampaged through the city destroying all things pertaining to trains. We will write a custom essay sample on Usa in the Second Half of the 19th Century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Usa in the Second Half of the 19th Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Usa in the Second Half of the 19th Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Only after Hayes was called for help did the real action begin. In Pittsburgh, the National Guard was called to quell another strike by any means necessary, even if it meant killing 20 people including women and children. Tempers exploded as fires raged through the city destroying $4 million worth of railroad property. The country suffered an estimated 100 deaths due to these rash actions and violence. The casualties could’ve been avoided through peaceful negotiation, but that never worked. Carnegie’s Homestead Steel mills, a part of US Steel, were the center of a hostile conflict in 1892 between laborers and management caused by large wage cuts and short work weeks. These cuts were commanded by Frick who reasoned that increased efficiency inflated salaries. Frick closed the mill and hired and placed 300 Pinkerton Detectives on guard duty. On July 6th, much blood was spilled as a gunfight between the guards and laborers ensued for 12 hours. The workers won the battle, but lost the war completely. ,500 National Guard members took control of the mill and the blame of an assassination attempt at Frick was blamed on the Labor Unions. In November, all steel unions were broken, and the mill operated on cheap labor from African Americans and immigrants. The hours were brutal as they were pushed to work 12 hours a day with a 24 hour day every 2 weeks. The Steel Industry didn’t see unions for another 44 years. The management had won. The government was an avid supp orter of big business which is evident in the Pullman Strike of 1894. Still feeling the effects of depression, the Pullman Palace Car Company had to lay off 5,800 workers and also cut wages from 25-50%. Even though they were making less money, the Pullman town didn’t lower the rent. On May 11th, 90% of the workers went on strike and a month later, ? million across the country joined them by refusing to pull Pullman sleeping cars. Lawyers, as tricky as they are, managed to get a court injunction to force the workers back to work by attaching a US mail car to a Pullman car and say the laborers were disturbing the distribution of mail. The workers didn’t comply to with the courts jurisdiction and so 14,000 troops were sent by Grover Cleveland to enforce the ruling. 25 were killed as the troops shot into a crowd of 10,000 in Chicago. Hundred were jailed including Eugene Debs, leader of the American Railway Union who ordered the workers to stop pulling the Pullman cars. The government prioritized a strong healthy economy over a large and happy population. Rapid industrialization and nation-wide corporations led to wealthier families and a new middle class. Although there were many who did enjoy the new luxuries paid for by new salaried jobs like managers, technicians, and engineers, many more people were below the poverty line and resided in the slums, living with other families with no privacy and unsanitary conditions. These families were unfortunate because of the wage cuts and the replacement of labor by immigrants and African Americans. A change was in order and the labor unions took the plate by voicing their complaints, and, when that didn’t work, resorting to physical means to get what they wanted.

Free Essays on Career Goals

My Career Goals As I make one of most important decisions in my life thus far, my parents ask, â€Å"Why have you selected Keystone College?† I respond by reminding my parents to reflect about their son whom they have so lovingly and caringly raised for the last eighteen years. They have nurtured an individual who has grown to understand that life is about people. Throughout high school their son practiced and developed positive people caring skills. I remind my parents that my choice in a college will help me continue to improve my ways to better serve people. From what I know and have read, Keystone has such a learning environment that fosters that same sense for caring and helping people succeed. I definitely want to learn from an institution that will help me reach my career goal, one that is centered around people. Whatever major I select, perhaps human resource management studies, I want that educational institution to teach me to become more responsive to peoples’ needs. I strongly believe that Keystone is an institution that practices what it teaches; I would like to take my learning experiences and apply them to people-oriented problems that are found in the real world.... Free Essays on Career Goals Free Essays on Career Goals My Career Goals As I make one of most important decisions in my life thus far, my parents ask, â€Å"Why have you selected Keystone College?† I respond by reminding my parents to reflect about their son whom they have so lovingly and caringly raised for the last eighteen years. They have nurtured an individual who has grown to understand that life is about people. Throughout high school their son practiced and developed positive people caring skills. I remind my parents that my choice in a college will help me continue to improve my ways to better serve people. From what I know and have read, Keystone has such a learning environment that fosters that same sense for caring and helping people succeed. I definitely want to learn from an institution that will help me reach my career goal, one that is centered around people. Whatever major I select, perhaps human resource management studies, I want that educational institution to teach me to become more responsive to peoples’ needs. I strongly believe that Keystone is an institution that practices what it teaches; I would like to take my learning experiences and apply them to people-oriented problems that are found in the real world....

What Happens If the Presidential Election Is a Tie

What Happens If the Presidential Election Is a Tie In four instances, the Electoral College, not the popular vote, has determined the outcome of a presidential election. Although there has never been a tie, the U.S. Constitution outlines a process for resolving such a scenario. Heres what would happen and who the players involved are if the 538 electors sit down after the election and vote 269 to 269. The U.S. Constitution When the U.S. first gained its independence, Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution outlined the process for selecting electors and the process by which they would select a president. At the time, electors could vote for two different candidates for president; whoever lost that vote would become vice president. This led to serious controversies in the elections of 1796 and 1800. In response, U.S. Congress ratified the 12th Amendment in 1804. The amendment clarified the process by which electors should vote. More importantly, it described what to do in the event of an electoral tie. The amendment states that the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President† and â€Å"the Senate shall choose the Vice-President. The process is also used in the event that no candidate wins 270 or more Electoral College votes. The House of Representatives As directed by the 12th Amendment, the 435 members of the House of Representatives must make their first official duty the selection of the next president. Unlike the Electoral College system, where larger population equals more votes, each of the 50 states in the House gets exactly one vote when selecting the president. It is up to the delegation of representatives from each state to decide how their state will cast its one and only vote. Smaller states like Wyoming, Montana, and Vermont, with only one representative, wield as much power as California or New York. The District of Columbia does not get a vote in this process. The first candidate to win the votes of any 26 states is the new president. The 12th Amendment gives the House until the fourth day of March to select a president. The Senate At the same time that the House is selecting the new president, the Senate must select the new vice president. Each of the 100 senators gets one vote, with a simple majority of 51 senators required to select the vice president. Unlike the House, the 12th Amendment places no time limit on the Senates selection of a vice president. If There Is Still a Tie With 50 votes in the House and 100 votes in the Senate, there could still be tie votes for both president and vice president. Under the 12th Amendment, as amended by the 20th Amendment, if the House has failed to select a new president by Jan. 20, the vice president-elect serves as acting president until the deadlock is resolved. In other words, the House keeps voting until the tie is broken. This assumes that the Senate has selected a new vice president. If the Senate has failed to break a 50-50 tie for vice president, the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 specifies that the Speaker of the House will serve as acting president until tie votes in both the House and Senate have been broken. Past Election Controversies In the controversial 1800 presidential election, an Electoral College tie vote occurred between Thomas Jefferson and his running mate,  Aaron Burr. The tie-breaking vote made Jefferson president, with Burr declared vice president, as the Constitution required at the time. In 1824, none of the four candidates won the required majority vote in the Electoral College. The House elected  John Quincy Adams president despite the fact that Andrew Jackson had won the popular vote and the most electoral votes. In 1837, none of the vice presidential candidates won a majority in the Electoral College. The Senate vote made Richard Mentor Johnson vice president over Francis Granger. Since then, there have been some very close calls. In 1876, Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Samuel Tilden by a single electoral vote, 185 to 184. And in 2000, George W. Bush defeated Al Gore by 271 to 266 electoral votes in an election that ended in the Supreme Court.

Clincial Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Clincial Psychology - Essay Example In these changing and challenging situation psychologists have to develop their skills all the time. Clinical psychology is related to identifying and treating the problems/conflicts which people face. These conflicts may involve, emotional thinking, learning as well as social and sexual problems. The person practicing in the area of providing diagnostic, therapeutic and counseling services to an individual, a family, or a group is called clinical psychologists. In general, the psychologist associated with the word clinical helps people to achieve changes in life style and habit to correct health problems. Now being a professional associated with and committed to increase the scientific and professional knowledge of people's behavior to improve the condition of individuals & organization, they have to protect lots of information's about their clients. Now confidentiality is the key area, where psychologists, has to take care of. They have to take certain steps to prevent misuse of client data related to various tests and other relevant information's into the public domain. But bein g a professional not only providing therapeutic role they have to perform the duties of researcher educator, diagnostician, supervisor, consultant, administrator, social interventionist expert witness and may more. In providing may more services and exciting various roles often do the job professionally some ethical standards has to be formulated which can provide them the common set of principles and standards upon which psychologists build their professional and scientific work. To fulfill these requirements, American Psychological Association (APA) has formulated the Ethics code in 2002. It has been divided under ten major categories which are like some common issues like psychologists must take reasonable steps to minimize the misuse or misrepresentation; psychologists must adhere to ethical commitment first in case of conflict with law or regulations and try to resolve the conflict between law or rules governing legal authority with ethics; psychologist must stick to their ethi cs code in case of conflict between ethics and organizational demand or interest and to the extent feasible, resolve the conflict in a way that permits adherence to ethics code, psychologists must have the responsibility to resolve ethical violence and report these kind of violations to state or national committees on professional ethics or state licensing boards or appropriate institutional authorities and wherever possible cooperate in ethics investigations, proceedings and resulting requirements of the APA or any affiliated state psychological associations to which they belongs psychologists do not file or encourage any malaise or willful complaints but do not deny persons employment, advancement and admissions to academic or other programs, tenure or promotion, based solely upon their being subject of an ethics complaint. For clinical psychologists another area which is relevant and addressed for ethical standards is the competence. Psychologist must provide services, conduct re searches & teach within their areas of competencies. They must have adequate professional knowledge and understanding of the factors associated with age,

First Degree Murder Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Degree Murder Overview - Essay Example On that point, the degree of murder entails the whether the murder was carried out directly or indirectly. On the contrary, in this particular paper we delve into the study of the first degree murder in detail for instance the factors that fuel murder among other issues. In addition to that, the subsequent section will serve to analyse the criminal laws pertaining to the first degree murder. First and foremost, first degree murder can be defined as the killing of an individual unlawfully which may be both out of will or premeditated. Apparently, most countries in the world follow the concept of felony murder. On that note, the perpetrator of the act are usually categorised as arson, burglary, kidnapping, rape and robbery. Notably, in a bid to solve the cases pertaining to the first degree murder, it is essential to study some of the key elements that serve to describe the case. Firstly, the elements are wilfulness, premeditation and deliberation. Moreover, this may differ from one country to the other. On that note, some countries may also include malice aforethought in the elements of these kinds of cases. Furthermore, in some cases the case is usually declared as a first degree murder without the need to look into the intention and deliberation of the perpetrator. In contradiction, in some state, murder cases are not usually categorised based on degrees but classify t hem based on priorities given to the case, in other words top level murder crime among other. Evidently, since intent has been named as one of the elements of first order crime, we are going to elaborate on the fact. Apparently, this is the willingness of the murderer to end another person’s life. Notably, a case is usually classified as a first degree murder case, if the perpetrator had beyond reasonable doubt intent to end the victim’s life. It is worth noting that, even if the murderer mistakenly murdered another

Research on Malaria in Moyale District Essay Example for Free

Research on Malaria in Moyale District Essay Malaria originates from Medieval Italian Mala aria which mean â€Å"bad air†; and the disease was formerly called Ague or Marsh fever due to its association with swamps and marshland, (Watkins, 2001). Scientific studies on Malaria made their first significant advance in 1880, when Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran a French army doctor working in the military hospital of Constantine in Algeria observed malaria plasmodium parasites inside the red blood cell of people suffering from Malaria. Documentation of report on discovery of origin of Malaria, one of the deadliest diseases of humanity shows that Chimpanzees, native to equatorial Africa have been identified as the original source of the parasite that likely moved from them to humans via mosquitoes. Wolfe, (2009) identified several parasites from Chimpanzee that show Malarial jumped from animal to human. Malaria is transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes the number and type of which determine the extent of transmission in a given area. The plasmodium falciparum accounts for the majority of infections and is most lethal. Transmission is affected by climate and geography and often coincides with the rainy season. In WHO/UNICEF, (2005) report malaria is one of the most devastating global public health problems with more than one million deaths and approximately 300-500 million cases of malaria annually. WHO, (2010) report, Malaria is by far the world’s worse tropical parasitic disease, and kills more people than any other communicable disease. Several studies observed that malaria kills more than 3,000 children daily and is the single most important factor for mortality among children under the age of five. Additionally, an estimated 25 million pregnant women are at risk of malaria. Malaria is endemic in a total of 101 countries and territories 45 countries in WHO’s African region, 21 in WHO’s American region, 4 in WHO’s European region, 14 in WHO’s Eastern Mediterrarian Region, 8 In WHO’s South – East Asia region, and 9 in WHO’s Western Pacific region, (report from global health council on impact of infectious diseases. ) WHO, (2007) report has shown that malaria has reached epidemic proportions in many regions of the world and continues to spread unchecked. In many regions of developing countries malaria exacts an enormous toll in lives, medical costs, and in days of labor lost. According to Roll-Back Malaria (RBM), over 40 per cent of the World’s children live in malaria-endemic countries and 107 countries and territories are at risk of malaria transmission. Malaria causes 24 percent of under-five deaths in Equatorial Guinea (UNICEF 2008). Malaria is preventable, if adequate resources are invested in prevention. About 98 percent of Equatorial Guineans live in areas with endemic risk of malaria but only one percent of children under five sleeps under insecticide-treated nets. This is far fewer than in other Countries with similar malaria risk. This suggests inadequate efforts to prevent malaria that would contribute to the realization of the right to health of both children and adults. Children under the age of five, pregnant women, and people living with HIV and AIDS are at highest risk for developing clinical malaria. More than 80 per cent of these cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO/RBM, (2004). Malaria is a primary cause of poverty, putting additional burdens on health systems and costing Africa an estimated 12 billion USDs in lost production every year. The spread of the disease is fuelled by several factors: climate change, increasing population mobility, more frequent international transport, emergence of multi drug-resistant strains, and military and economic deterioration. Abuja summit in Nigeria in the year 2000, 44 African leaders reaffirmed their commitment to roll back malaria and set interim target for Africa. They challenged other world leaders to join them in recognizing the importance of tackling malaria as a disease of poverty. Following the Abuja summit, Africa Malaria Day was declared as a day to celebrate on malaria and a subsequent UN resolution declared 2001-2010. Roll Back Malaria, especially in Africa, giving prominence to Malaria in United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The Africa Malaria report, released in the year 2003/Nairobi/Geneva/New York by the World Health Organization (WHO 2005), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), said the death toll from malaria remains outrageously high-with a child dying in every 30 seconds. The report gives an African situation for the struggle against the diseases and highlights the urgent need to make effective anti-malarial treatment available to most at risk. â€Å"The roll back Malaria initiatives has made considerable progress since it was launched in 1998, but we need to increase to combat a devastating disease which is holding back the development of many African countries,† states Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General of WHO. Nationally Malaria has been a serious public health problem in most Districts of Kenya and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Kenya. With more than 70% of the Kenya’s population living in areas where malaria is transmitted, Malaria is responsible for approximately 30% of out-patient visits (requiring more than eight million out-patient treatments each year), and 19% of all hospital admissions. At least 14,000 children are hospitalized annually for malaria, and there are an estimated 34,000 deaths among children under-five each year. Annually, an estimated six thousand pregnant women suffer from malaria-associated anemia, and four thousand babies are born with low birth weight as a result of maternal anemia, report from government health facility in 2007. Economically, it is estimated that 170 million working days are lost each year because of malaria illness. Culture and poor access to health facilities lead to increase in cases of malaria. The main thing peculiar with children under 5 years is that many cannot sleep under net due to incapability of their parent especially in rural areas, because of the few wages they hardly get from their casual work. Most children again play outside in the grasses or near drainage where mosquito’s breeds thus are exposed to mosquito bites. In local situation Malaria is the highest causes death of many people in the region of Moyale and districts of North Eastern province bordering Moyale district from east. Malaria claims the life of 1,500 in the year 1998 and out of that 45 death in Wajir district (Daily Nation, Thursday, February 1998). Sololo Mission Hospital reported the admission of 67 people. Out of 67people, 25 children of less than five years were reported cases of malaria (SMH/1999). 1. 2 problem articulation/ statement: Malaria is World’s most important parasite infectious disease. Over 2 billion people are at risk between 300 and 500 million episodes and over 1 million deaths annually, WHO, (2005). Over 90% of malaria burden are in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is one of the planets deadliest diseases and one of the leading causes of sickness and death in the developing world. Documentation also show that Malaria affect child cognitive, physical development and leads to poor school attendance. Malaria also leads to malnutrition and anemic condition in children. More so it also affects adult’s ability to make a living and care for their families. At country level malaria affects trade, tourism and foreign direct investment and there is significant correlation between malaria and poverty. An average GDP in malaria’s countries is five times lower than in non-malaria’s countries 1. 3 Objectives of the study To establish factors that lead to high prevalence of Malaria in children under five years in Obbu Division, Moyale District. 1. 4 Specific objectives: 1. To determine socio-demographic factors contributing to Malaria prevalence among the under five children in Obbu division. 2. To establish the level of knowledge on Malaria, among caregivers of children under five in Obbu Division. . Research questions 1. What are the main factors contributing to high prevalence of Malaria among the under five children in Obbu division? 2. What is the knowledge level of care givers of children under five years about the risk factors of late treatment and prevention of Malaria? 3. To what extent the level of knowledge on Malaria, among caregivers of children under five in Obbu Division? 1. 6. Hypothesis/assumption There were no factors that contribute to prevalence of malaria in children less than five years in Obbu Division of Solol District 1. 7 Justification of the study. Malaria outbreak in mid July 2012, number of cases diagnosed were 82, and 8 out of 10 reported death were children under five (Malaria/SMH/ 20012/3). The prevalence was precipitated by illiteracy, migration lifestyle of pastoralists’ community and uncontrolled border intermingling and refugees from neighboring countries like Ethiopia and Somali as revealed by the study of Diseases Outbreak Management Unit-DOMU (2002). Socio demographic factors and knowledge about the diseases control and prevention attracted a lot of concern that call for research in these factors. Obbu division has few documentation of the study, so this will be helpful to academia as it will be used as document of references for a researcher in the same area of study. The government or other stakeholders will benefit from the findings and may take intervention measures for instance the Ministry of public health to educate people on the better prevention methods. The findings of the study will be used by people of the study area to plan for the prevention of the malaria, since it is preventable at every household. 1. 8 Scope of the study To investigate main factors contributing to high prevalence of Malaria among children less than five years of age in Obbu division of Moyale district. . 1. 9 Limitations 1. Data collection during interview was difficult due to migration of the population but the settlement around the centre of each four location was targeted. 2. Cost of getting trained research assistant was challenging. 3. The study was limited to factors contributing to prevalence of malaria in children less than five years of age. 2. 0 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1. 0 Origin of malaria. The history of malaria replete with a number of theories about its aetiology, the earliest theory was the Miasmatic. This theory postulated that swamp air contained chemicals which had been freed from rotting wood. This air was what was responsible for causing malaria (Ransford 1983). It was because of this theory that double storey buildings were preferred during the early days of the colonial period as it was believed that miasma did not rise above ground level (Ransford 1983) and that the miasma was thought to spread horizontally (King and King 1992). Ransford and Friedson claim that Africans were the ones who first recognized the link between mosquitoes and malaria (Ransford 1983; Friedson 1996) and in the West it was only known later through the pioneering works of Patrick Mason, Ronald Ross, Grassi and others around the 1890s. 2. 1. 1 Prevalence of Malaria. There are 300-500 million clinical cases of Malaria each year resulting in 1. 5 to 2. 7 million deaths (WHO, 2005). Global viral forecasting initiative and standard university, made the discovery published in the Aug. 2009 proceedings of the National academy of sciences Wolfe, (2009). Malaria in most countries of Western Pacific and Regional Organizations has significantly declined in the period 1992 to 2000. There is widespread consensus that the change to Artemisinin Based Combination (ACT) in Vietnam was a significant factor in the 98% drop in malaria mortality between 1992 and 2002. The geographical area affected by malaria has shrunk considerably over the past 50 years, but control is becoming more difficult and gains are being eroded. Increased risk of the disease is linked with changes in land use linked to activities like road building, mining, logging and Agricultural and irrigation projects, particularly in â€Å"frontier† areas like the rain forests. Other causes of its spread include global climatic change, disintegration of health services, armed conflicts and mass movements of refugees. According to citation from the August 97 issue of the American magazine the Atlantic Monthly entitled â€Å"Resurgence of a Deadly Disease† by Ellen Rippel Shell. Early success in controlling infectious diseases has bred arrogance and a belief in whopping big solutions. The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of parasite is also exacerbating the situation. Via the explosion of easy international travel, imported cases of malaria are now more frequently registered in developed countries. Malaria is now re-emerging in areas where it was previously under control or eradicated for instance, in the central Asian and in Korea. Late 1980s, it was noted at several international meetings that the malaria situation getting worse. Figure1. PHOTO OF MOSQUITO THAT TRASMIT MALARIA. Malaria impacts globally. Malaria characteristic varies with geographical location. Malaria is endemic in a total of 101 countries and territories 45 countries in WHO’s African region, 21 in WHO’s American region, 4 in WHO’s European region, 14 in WHO’s Eastern Mediterrarian Region, 8 In WHO’s South – East Asia region, and 9 in WHO’s Western Pacific region (Noor et al. ,2002). Environmental factors such as temperature, influences Malaria prevalence in endemic areas and the disease is more frequent in rural areas than in urban areas (Noor et al. 2010). In malaria endemic parts of the world, a change in risk of malaria can be the unintended result of economic activity or Agricultural policy that changes the use of land for example creation of dams, irrigation schemes, commercial tree cropping and deforestation. In today’s international world, the phenomenon of â€Å"airport malaria†, or the importing of malaria by internati onal travelers, is becoming common place. The United Kingdom for example registered 2364 cases of malaria in 1997 and among them are 1134 children, all of them imported by travelers (UNICEF,2009). Documentation of Malaria situation analysis for Zambia (May 2000), show that malaria, particularly that caused by plasmodium falciparum, is an important public health problem in the country. Incidence of the disease has steadily rise from 1976 through 1999, to the point where it is now estimated that the incidence rate, from facility-based data, stands at 331 per 1000 population (Munthali,A. 2001). This is obviously an underestimate as many malaria cases occur at community levels which do not get reported to the formal health system. As expected, those most affected by the disease in Zambia include children under the age of five years. The clinical management of malaria in Zambia was complicated in recent years by a growing resistance to the first line treatment. The clinical failure rate ranges between 24% and 52%, levels beyond which an examination of formal change in drug policy is recommended by international health bodies such as the WHO. Studies on Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) find that, although malaria is widely recognized, there remain many misconceptions about the disease. In Ethiopia a total of 6,214,132 malaria case were diagnosed, treated microscopically or clinically during the year 1995-2000 with an annual average of 1,242,826. The number of malaria cases showed steepy increases from 816,114 in 1995/6 to 2,020,308 in 1998/9. Much of sub-Saharan Africa is exposed to stable, endemic P. falciparum transmission leading to high burdens of morbidity and mortality among children (Murray Lopez 1997; Snow et al, 1999). In addition the continent has witnessed several devastating malaria epidemic during the early 1930s in South Africa (Le Sueur et al. 1993) 1958 in Ethiopia (Fontaine et al,1961), and 1986 in Madagascar (Mouchet,1998). These outbreaks in transmission followed clearly identifiable changes in climate favoring vector and parasite proliferation and were among non-immune populations. Various estimates from these epidemics indicate that between 1% and 14% of the respective populations died. Many factors can influence the ability of parasites and vectors to coexist long enough to result in continued transmission. Several reviews have described the effects on transmission of environmental change, changes in Agriculture and forestry practices and an-made construction (Hackett, 1949; Lindsay ; Birley, 1996; Lindsay ; Martens, 1998; Mouchet et al 1998). Global warming and other climatic events such as â€Å"El – Nino† also play their role in increasing risk of diseases. The diseases has now spread to highlands areas of Africa for instance, while El – Nino events have an impact on Malaria because the associated weather disturbances influence vector breeding sites, and hence transmission of the disease. African children remained unprotected by an insecticide treated mosquito net in 2007 (Noor et al. , 2010). Documentation of Randomized control trials conducted in Kenya, Gambia and Ghana (UNICEF 2001) show about 30 percent of child death could be avoided if children sleep under bed nets regularly treated with recommended insecticide such as pyrethroids which will remain effective for 6 to 12 months. Malaria kills an African child every 30 seconds, and remains one of the most important threats to the health of pregnant woman and their newborns,† Bellamy, (1998). Anderson, (1943) reported that other soldiers contacted the disease in Sudan, Ethiopia and Somali due to high way which connect Nairobi to Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. Weekend Malaria, which happens when city dwellers in Africa return to their rural settings, is becoming an increasing problem. Africa child under five years of age are chronic victims, suffering an average of six bouts a year. Fatally afflicted children often die less than 72 hours after developing symptoms. In those children who survive, Malaria also drains vital nutrients from them, impairing their physical and intellectual development. Malaria sickness is also one of the principal reasons for poor school attendance in Kenya. UNICEF recognizes that malaria is one of the five major causes of mortality in children less than five years. 2. 1. 3 Malaria in Kenya. Malaria in Kenya has reached endemic in arid and semi arid region of North Eastern, Rift Valley and Eastern province. In Rift Valley it’s common in Baringo, Pokot and Laikipia. In Wajir one of the neighboring district in North Eastern province, Medicine Sans Frontiere, MSF (1998) reported that between January and March 1998 the mobile clinics in the town of Wajir treated over 20,000 cases of malaria among an estimated population of 60,00. This represents an absolute minimum attack rate of 33 per 1,000 populations for three months. Consultation data from Merlin (1998), suggest equal attack rates between children less than 5 and the population aged greater than five years. In Eastern Province high Malaria cases have been documented in Kitui, Machakos, Tharaka, Isiolo and Moyale district. Moyale district is a potential focus for diseases because of presence of vector habitats and intermingling of people due to border movements. All the key clinical features of Malaria including; intermittent fever and weight loss in the background of malnutrition was evidenced. Since the area borders the town of the neighboring countries which often experience outbreak, there has been need of capacity building of care givers and mothers through campaign on behavior and attitudinal changes. Figure 1. 2: MAP OF KENYA SHOWING MALARIA ENDEMIC AREA [pic] 2. 1. 4 Moyale district- Obbu division In mid July 2012 a suspected outbreak of Malaria was reported in Obbu division of Moyale district. The report by investigation team comprising of clinicians, Epidemiologist and Parasitologists established a total of 82 suspected cases.

Black Panthers Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1966, the national Black Panther party was created. Their platform and it’s ideals struck a chord with blacks across the country, especially in the inner cities of the north. The Panthers were able to organize and unite these blacks. This alarmed the federal government. They instituted many controversial, illegal programs of harassment, infiltration, and instigation which led to the deaths of many Panthers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From their inception, the Black Panthers were treated with disdain and contempt. The Panthers wrote out a platform called â€Å"What We Want, What We Believe.† There ideas and methods appealed greatly to blacks. The past few years had seen the civil rights struggle rise, and had left many blacks with the feeling that not enough was being accomplished. Many Blacks shared the view of the Panthers in that violence was needed to defend themselves until true equality could be achieved. Aside from being militant, the Panthers did things that helped the community. They set up breakfast, and helped people to clean up their neighborhoods. The Black Panthers gave many urban black communities a sense of unity and identity that they hadn’t had before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Panther’s rhetoric of violence alarmed the government. In March of 1968, the Panther newspaper printed this warning to police, â€Å"Halt in the name of humanity! You shall make no more war on unarmed people. You will not kill anothe...

Ojibwe aboriginals in Cass Lake/Leech Lake Minnesota Including their History Treaties Essay

I. Introduction The Ojibwe (Plural: Ojibweg) are people who belong to the First Nation and of a big Native American language group. They are on top in terms of prevalence among the North American native language tribes. Scholars and Elders of Ojibwe perceive that the group has historical relations with several other bands that share some language points. The Ojibwe oral tradition gives light to such speculations as it indicates the Ojibwe to be part of the â€Å"Three Fires of Anishinabe,† along with the Ottawa and the Potawatomi (Turtle Island Productions, 2003). In the Ojibwe language, â€Å"Anishinabe† pertains to â€Å"original people,† â€Å"original man,† or â€Å"one of the people.† This is how the Ojibwe people prefer to be called. The word â€Å"Ojibwe† is spelled in many forms, owing to how the Euroepans of early times heard and spelled it. Some of the forms include â€Å"Ojibewa,† â€Å"Ojibwe,† â€Å"Otchipwe,† â€Å"Chippewa,† or â€Å"Chippeway† (Turtle Island Productions, 2003). For the purposes of this paper, the term â€Å"Ojibwe† will be used. The Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaag, or the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, houses the Ojibwe people in the north-central parts of Minnesota. According to the census of 2000, it is the largest Indian reservation in the state, with its population amounting to 10,205 in that year (â€Å"Leech Lake Indian Reservation†, 2007). The most dominant community within it is the Cass Lake. Ten other communities within the reservation include Bena, Pennington, Sugar Point, Ball Club, Onigum, Smokey Point, Inger, Squaw Lake, Mission and Oak Point (Indian Affairs Council, 2007). How the Ojibwe people came to live in this area of Minnesota and how their settlement was established throughout histories of treaties will be the subject of this paper. Contemporary issues that face the Ojibwe people of Leech Lake will also be discussed. II. The Leech Lake Ojibwe and their History According to history shared through oral tradition, the Ojibwe people originally lived along the bays of North America, speculated to be either in Hudson Bay or in St. Lawrence gulf. By the 1400s, the climate in the North America became way cold so that in effect, the first Ojibwe bands decided to move towards Lake Huron, and later further north to occupy the shores of Michigan. Their movement continued westward until they reached Lake Superior in the 1500s (Sultzman, 2000). Pushed by war and fur trade, the Ojibwe people made an expansion towards the west, east and south until they had control over a vast portion of southern Ontario and lower Michigan in 1701, and won over the northern portions of Wisconsin and Minnesota in 1737. Movements continued until the Ojibwe people had settlements in so many areas by the 1800s, Minnesota to include. However, eventual takeover of the whites forced the Ojibwe onto reservation (Sultzman, 2000). Another way to view the Ojibwe migration is to take after what their oral tradition discusses: that one of their â€Å"miigis† or â€Å"radiant beings† related a prophesy that the Ojibwe people should move further west if they desire to maintain their traditions amidst the arrival of European immigrants. Thus the Ojibwe people made the movements discussed above, some of them finally settling in Minnesota (â€Å"Ojibwa†, 2007). It was on the small islands of Leech Lake where the Ojibwe in Minnesota first settled in the 1700s. The area became home to the Pillager Ojibwe and Mississippi bands, but southwest portions of it were taken by 1847 treaties to be allotted for the tribes that were moved from Wisconsin. (â€Å"Ojibwa†, 2007). The rest of the Leech Lake Ojibwe lands were relinquished to the United States government by the treaty of 1885, leaving the Ojibwe with the establishment of the 670,000-acre Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Oakes, February, 2005). The first treaties that were set in place were usually termed as â€Å"Peace and Friendship Treaties.† The aim of such treaties is to build healthy ties among the Ojibwe people and the Europeans. Such treaties provided the foundation for resource sharing to be made possible between the aborigines and the settlers (â€Å"Ojibwa†, 2007). The treaties that followed, however, entailed cessions of lands. These were perceived to serve as advantageous for the territorial interests of the U.S. However, such cessions were not accompanied by clear terms that were understood entirely by the Ojibwe people. The reason behind this is the disparate cultural perspectives of the Ojibwe and the government regarding the land. The government sees the land as a commodity, and something of worth at that. Thus, for them, land could be purchased, entitled for exclusion, and traded without restraint (â€Å"Ojibwa†, 2007). The Ojibwe people, on the other hand, perceive land to be non-exclusive. For them, land should be shared completely to everyone, in the same way that water, air and sunlight should be treated. During the period of treaty conferences, the Ojibwe did not know anything about exclusive land ownership or entitlement, moreover of selling land. Thus, modern time legal debates on treaties and of interpreting them usually expound on the disparity among cultural understanding of terms in such treaties. Only with cultural sensitivity and comprehension could obligations and rights based on such treaties could be understood (â€Å"Ojibwa†, 2007). One such treaty where cultural sensitivity could be applied would be that of 1864. With the intention of transferring other Ojibwe bands in Minnesota to Leech Lake, the 1864 Treaty was made to expand and fortify the reservation. Changes in plans were made however so that in 1967, the White Earth Reservation was established to house all of the Ojibwe. 1873 and 1874 executive orders reduced the lands of the Leech Lake Reservation (Indian Affairs Council, 2007). Tax forfeitures, allotments, and seizures for government forests and parks later reduced the remaining land until only approximately five to six percent of the original area was left to the Ojibwe people (Giese, 1997). The severe reduction of Ojibwe lands was the gravest that any tribe in Minnesota has experienced. This was made worse by the increasing valuation for the lakes and forests of the reservation as whites increasingly settled in Minnesota. It was only in recent years that the pattern of land loss was inverted (Oakes, February, 2005). III. Further Treaties and Relevant Events in Leech Lake Ojibwe History In 1881, the United States Army Corps of Engineers began to build dams at lake outlets including that of Cass and Leech Lake to provide a stable water power for Minneapolis. In the course of such activities, water levels rose seven feet such that Ojibwe homes, rice beds, food and burial grounds were destroyed (Oakes, February, 2005). Meanwhile, the Dawes Act of 1887, along with the Nelson Act of 1889, made it possible for individual Ojibweg to be allotted and sell parts of reservations lands to settlers, railroads, and timber companies. Because of land sales, fraud, and tax forfeitures, more Ojibweg lost their lands through these Acts (Oakes, February, 2005). By 1898, the Leech Lake Ojibwe’s anger over their loss of land and reckless logging activities in the area reached boiling point, resulting in gunfire exchange that lasted for three days and seven deaths among federal soldiers. The battle was recorded as the last between American soldiers and American-Indian natives. In gratitude to the stoppage of what could be a full-blast Ojibwe revolt, the government forgave the involved Ojibweg. In 1908, the concern of aggressive logging activities in the region pushed the United States government to form the Chippewa National Forest (Oakes, February, 2005). It was in 1912 when a white family started the pioneer fishing resort on Cass Lake. From there, several people followed suit until tourism became the reservation’s second major industry, though it was not the natives who drew much of the profit. On the other hand, 1925 saw to the decline of timber supply in Cass Lake and the fall of the great logging boom (Oakes, February, 2005). In 1933, the outpour of white settlers in the reservation ended as the US Government Land Office in the area closed. Yet to date, white settlers in the area remain to be more than half (Oakes, February, 2005). 1937 saw to the Leech Lake Ojibwe adopting its first ever constitution. Legal activities of the tribe developed as 1972 saw to the Ojibwe band settling a lawsuit for the reaffirmation of their right to hunt, fish, and gather within the bounds of the reservation beyond what is regulated by the state. This was the first of its kind and affirms the drive of the Ojibwe people to keep their traditions alive, beyond the restrictions of the government (Oakes, February, 2005). The year 1975 was witness to the growing determination of the Ojibwe people to fight for their rights as a people when 75 Ojibwe students walked out of their classes in protest against racism, cultural insensitivity, and discrimination in Cass Lake Junior-Senior High School. In response to this, the Ojibwe people started the culture-based school, Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig, for their youth (Oakes, February, 2005). To date, the school is showing great progress. Meanwhile, the Ojibwe started operating casinos in 1983 after the rule of the federal courts stated that Indian tribes must be given the liberty to gamble, as respect to their culture. In 1998, the Ojibwe created its own police force through a federal grant, by which it started to administer its own civil rules (Oakes, February, 2005). It was in 2002, however, that a major breakthrough in the political arena happened when Elaine Fleming became the first Ojibwe to be elected as mayor by the residents of Cass Lake (Oakes, February, 2005). IV. The Leech Lake Ojibwe Today Today, the Leech lake Ojibwe culture remains vibrant and developing. The Ojibwe in the reservation continue attending â€Å"jiingotamog† gatherings for their spiritual customs, and the â€Å"niimi’idimaa† for their social customs. Traditional methods of hunting, harvesting, and making medicines and sugar are still being maintained. Ojibwe people still participate in sun dance ceremonies. Even the sacred scrolls of old are being kept hidden for future interpretation (â€Å"Ojibwa†, 2007). Ojibwe people also maintain their traditional burial methods of erecting â€Å"Spirit houses† over burial mounds and markers made of wood with the dead’s doodem written on it. These special burial grounds have been viewed with much value that they have become endangered to thieves. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act was made to respond to such issues and have benefited the preservation of the Ojibwe’s burial traditions (â€Å"Ojibwa†, 2007). The Leech Lake Ojibwe band has also been pioneering in securing their rights to fish, hunt, and plant wild rice — practices which are embedded in their culture as a people (Indian Affairs Council, 2007). Another aspect that determines the maintenance of the Leech Lake Ojibwe’s cultural integrity is its continuation of its traditional extraction of medicine and food from plants, as well as other such activities bound by tradition (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007). Meanwhile, the Leech Lake Ojibwe had organized community councils with the intent of airing their political concerns. They have also seen to it that they have their own means to health services, education, fire protection, and such community necessities. The band even started a burial insurance program in 1995 (Indian Affairs Council, 2007). As for the State, it pays the Leech lake Ojibwe tribe for controlling its use of resources within the reservation. Furthermore, the Ojibwe also deputizes the conservation officers of the State so that their own tribal natural resource codes will be enforced (Indian Affairs Council, 2007). Because the Ojibwe band was permitted to operate casinos, such casinos have made the band Cass County’s biggest employer (Indian Affairs Council, 2007). Through an Ojibwe currently residing in Oregon, the Leech Lake Ojibwe also markets their very own products of wild rice and locally-made craft baskets internationally (Giese, 1997). Today, the Leech Lake Ojibwe tribe decided that the reservation must keep its existence in line with the treaties and executive orders upon which it was founded. This is because even with the said treaties and orders at place, they could still exist as a people within the bounds of their cultures, traditions, and beliefs (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007). For one, the tribe still holds its constitutional and natural sovereign power over the reservation and its people. Further, the tribe also holds power over the activities of outsiders in the reservation, for as long as such activities affect or threaten to affect the welfare, political integrity, heath, and economic security of the Leech Lake Ojibwe (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007). The Ojibwe people, with the treaties in place, are also able to maintain regulatory authority over the water resources of the reservation. This is because having the inherent rights to the reservation’s waters, their intent is to ascertain that their water resources would remain viable for generations to come, the reservation being their permanent home. The Ojibwe people of Leech Lake also serve for the protection and preservation of its waters since with this comes the promotion of the tribe’s historic and religious values. By doing so, they are also able to maintain a suitable environment for the reservation’s wildlife, something which has been embedded in the values of the Ojibwe as a people (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2007). However, though the Ojibwe people of Leech Lake have been perceived to have maintained their culture and traditions, a sad fact looms over the band. The number of youths in the reservation who have been involved in drugs, alcohol, violence, and imprisonment is appalling. Murders have been common in the area. Statistics indicate that the Leech Lake Reservation is one of the worst places for children in all of Minnesota (Oakes, April, 2004). A 1999 government research found Cass County to be the poorest in terms of children’s safety and health. It was also determined in 2002 to have the most children who live in foster and care homes. Majority of these cases entail Ojibwe children who were abandoned by their parents or taken forcibly away from them on grounds of neglect, delinquency, or even abuse. The main thrust behind this seems to be alcoholism, which plague the Ojibwe people of whatever age and gender. Parents leave their children behind on accounts of being drunk, or imprisoned because of some crime they did while drunk (Oakes, April, 2004). Thus, death looms eight years earlier over the lives of the Ojibwe in the Leech Lake reservation (Oakes, April, 2004). And this fact is something to be bothered about, especially when considering the current status and welfare of the Leech Lake Ojibwe people. It is a threat that must be dealt with, if the centuries of battling with treaties, fighting for their rights, and maintaining their cultures and traditions will not be put into waste. The Ojibwe of Leech Lake are a beautiful people who have a great history behind them, and a great culture and tradition with them. It thus matters, more than the treaties, to make efforts to keep their welfare and their people alive, because if not, we know that something great will die.

Christianity vs. Greek Mythology Essay

Throughout many ages religion has been a very important part of history. It shaped many cultures and allowed us to better understand many civilizations. Two of these cultures are those of the Christians and Greeks. Both have similarities and differences in their religious beliefs that have been compared often and I have chosen to discuss the similarities and differences of Christianity and ancient Greek mythology. Christianity is a monotheistic religion, or belief in only one God, and spiritual practices are based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as written in the New Testament of the Bible, with the role of Jesus as savior and the Son of God. Greek mythology is a polytheistic religion, which is the belief in and worship of multiple deities, called gods and goddesses, belonging to the culture of ancient Greece. Even though their definitions are different, the faith of Christianity and one God and the culture of the Greeks in mythology of many gods are alike in a number of ways. To begin, in both religions humans believe that there are speakers for their God/gods. These people include pastors, priests and nuns in Christianity, and storytellers or prophets in Greek times. Furthermore, the people believe that their God or gods are above humans. Both cultures believe a god is above all mortal and of this earth, and he or she listens to people when they need help, and have supernatural power to help. This is why both the Christians and the Greeks pray to their God and gods for forgiveness. Another similarity between the religious beliefs of these two cultures is that they have explanations for many of ancient mysteries of life and major events on earth. The ancient Greeks and early Christians tried to find an explanation for the evil in the world, and both blame a woman for man’s downfall. Greeks believe a woman named Pandora opened a forbidden box and released all evil into the world. Christians believe a woman named Eve released evil after eating from a forbidden tree. Also, in both the ancient Greek and Christian beliefs of the early world, there exist stories of great floods that destroyed most of humankind. In Greek mythology, Zeus orders a man named Deucalion to make a chest in which he and his family can survive  the flood Zeus was going to bring upon the earth. In the Bible, the account of Christian beliefs, God orders a man named Noah to build an ark in which he and his family, and two of each animal, can survive the destruction from a flood God was going to send. War was also a common characteristic of both the ancient Greek world and of the Biblical world. For example, the Trojan War is a major event in Greek history, and is written about most famously in Homer’s Iliad. The gods always seemed to play important roles in this war, especially Zeus, Ares the god of war, and the other and goddesses living on Mount Olympus. Wars between Greek city-states were also common, with gods and goddesses almost always involved in them in some way. In similar comparison, the Bible accounts many stories of wars between different countries and religious groups, with God being involved in some way in the outcome or fate of the peoples. One of the most famous examples is the war between the Philistines and the Israelites. In this war, God interfered and sent a small shepherd boy David to save the Israelites. David does so by killing the giant Goliath, a super-human thing he would not have been able to accomplish without God’s help. These examples show the cross-cultural belief that war was an important event in the ancient world, and the gods, and God, played significant roles. While Christianity and ancient Greek mythology have many similarities, there are key differences. The main and most obvious difference is that Christian belief is about only one God, and its beliefs and commandments are written about in the Bible. Christians regard the stories told in Bible as actual historical accounts of important people, events and concepts of faith. Greek mythology had 13 major gods and goddesses, and many lesser gods. Different Greek cities also worshipped different deities. There is no book like the â€Å"Bible†, rather many collections of stories that shaped early Greek culture. In short, Greek mythology was created to be the Greek’s science for why things happened. Once they thought they figured out how things really happened, the belief in gods and goddesses faded away from Greek culture. The final difference I want to discuss to compare the ancient Greek creation story and that of Christian belief. In the ancient Greek story, at first there was only Chaos, a shapeless mass of darkness and meaninglessness. Out of Chaos came Nyx (night) and Erebus (the unfathomable deep). The first god to come into existence was Gaea, Mother Earth, though no one knows where she came from or how she came into being. Uranus, Father Sky, was born of Gaea as she slept. He became her husband, and together they had many children. One of these first gods’ descendants was Zeus. After much war between the gods and goddesses, Zeus became most powerful and assigned two lower gods the task of populating the earth with mortal creatures. With that task, one of the two gods granted so many gifts on the lower animals that when the time came to create man, there was nothing left. The beasts already had the sharp teeth and claws, the warm fur and feathers, the tough, protective hides, the wings and shells, speed, size, and strength. The wiser of these two lower gods was given task to figure out what gifts to bestow on man. The gods gave man a more noble, upright stance, so man would be above the beasts, with his face turned toward the heavens rather then down toward the ground. He also gave man an intelligence that reached much higher than the beasts’ mere cunning. In the Christian creation story, God was present in the beginning and He created the universe. At first the earth was shapeless and covered in darkness, and God’s spirit hovered over the waters. God said, â€Å"Let there be light†. And there was light. God divided the day from the night, naming them ‘ day’ and ‘night’. On the second through fifth day God made the heavens, commanded the waters to fill with living creatures and the air to fill with birds. On the sixth day God commanded the earth to bring forth all kinds of living creatures and He saw that it was good. God then said † Let us make man in our own image†. So God created man and woman in his own likeness and gave them authority over all living things. Adam, the first man, was created by God out of soil and given life by God’s breath. Adam named all the animals and birds that God had made, But Adam had no companion of his own so God caused Adam to fall into a deep sleep and created woman – Eve- from one of Adam’s ribs. In addition, unlike the beginning void of Chaos in Greek mythology, God is not a void of nothingness, but the beginning of all  things. God also remains the ruler of the entire world in Biblical stories, while the Greek Chaos is forced out by several actual divine beings, the most important and permanent of those being Zeus. In conclusion I found there to be many interesting similarities between Christian faith and ancient Greek religious culture, but one final difference is that Christianity is practiced today and the Bible widely read in many countries and published in many languages, while ancient Greek belief system has faded away and become the stories of fantastical books, myths and legends.my

music project Essay Example

music project Essay Example music project Essay music project Essay Running Head: Music Project Name: Course: Instructor: Date of Submission: Music Project Introduction Music as an art form that is elicited through the sound medium is part of everyday life. Years of extensive research posit that music education as well as art education in general, is linked to all that is required from children including emotional and social development, academic achievement, equitable opportunity as well as civic engagement[1]. The learning of music in schools has been attributed to such positive attributes like enhancement of motivation, concentration, teamwork and confidence. Over the past few years, many school programs had to be cut down to reduce on the budget as well as providing the students with the chance to concentrate on the most important subjects. The most badly hit school programs include art, music and physical education classes. Although many schools would prefer to cut down on the school programs such as music, music is one of the subjects that build on skills that children acquire from other subjects. Discussion Although it might be hard to believe, music can be employed in the improvement of fractions and counting skills for most children. This is because music is written in form of measures that encompass a certain number of beats. A song might encompass ? times. This clearly indicates that per measure of the song should have 3 beats, where a quarter note counts as a single beat. In a setting like this, a child can learn both the fractions in terms of ?, while at the same time learning about counting in regards to the number of full beats and quarter beats required in the song. Mathematics might not be a very interesting subject for all students, but when the students are taught using the music medium, they might find it easier and more fun rather than learning mathematics in the normal manner in which it is taught. This ascertains that music should not be one of the school programs cut to save on money. Learning to read is the most fundamental foundation of the learning process. No child can be involved successfully in the learning process without prior reading knowledge. Music can form part of the integral parts of the learning process owing to the fact that before children can present music, they have to learn how to read and memorize music[2]. The children will not only employ these skills in the music classes, but in other classes as well. The memorizing and reading process in music does not only take place once but the students are required to repeat the process until they get it right. This asserts that the students will not only thrive in music due to the amount of practice put into memorizing and reading music, but they will also thrive in the other subjects that require intensive memorizing and reading. In this case, music should still be maintained in the school curriculum. When children are taken to school, they are not only required to achieve academic excellence but they are also required to acquire extensive social skills that can enhance their survival in many adverse conditions. For this reason, music is a very important subject for acquiring of the needed social skills. This is because creation of tunes in music requires total concentration and participation of students. In most cases, the students work in groups in which they are required to take turns to learn while listening for their cue before they can participate in the learning process. They are also supposed to respect each other and the personal equipment used in the music class. These valuable social skills can augment the overall development of the students in question. This is because music is an artistic expression that can enhance the confidence and self-esteem of students, hence augmenting the students’ social interactions skills where other students and the people surroundi ng them are concerned. In 2006, President Bush approved the signature education Law that translated into the No Child Left Behind theme. Under this law, all students had to improve their reading and mathematics testing through the reduction of time spent on such other subjects like Music and Art. The main reason behind this law was to enhance the academic prospects for all statements in America. What the president did not take into consideration was the impact this law would have on the students[3]. Most of the lowest performing students under the new law were not allowed to take any other subject except mathematics and reading so that they could improve their grades substantially. As per the research conducted, it was posited that instead of improving on their grades, the students felt intimidated and their grades fell even further. This is because the confidence and self-esteem built in the music classes lacked in the other classes. This means that the withdrawal of music can be detrimental especially fo r the lowest performing students. Not all students are born as academic geniuses. Some students exhibit superior creativity that can only be tapped through the provision of an adequate creative outlet. This is provided in the music classes in which the students are provided with the chance for self- expression through music. Scraping music from the school curriculum adversely affect the children whose parents cannot afford to pay for private music classes. Accessing these classes in public schools can go further in augmenting the self-expression of the students, which can be translated into academic excellence in the other school programs. Music is a crucial element of human existence. This is because music stimulates the functioning of the brain, hence improving the academic achievement prospects of the students. as per the Harris Interactive poll of 2006 on high school principals, those school curriculums that incorporate the music program posses an a higher graduation rate of 18 percent. Consequently, The Journal of Research in Music Education asserts that those students involved in high quality music programs possess the ability to score 21% higher in math and English standardized tests as compared to those engaged in low quality music programs[4]. It is depicted that in Seimens Westinghouse academic competition, close to 99% of the participants who won an award in science and math were involved in music, in that they played a music instrument. Additionally, music is utilized in most instances for the creation of an emotional outlet for those students with frustration and anger related problems. The research contained in Texas Commission on Drug and Alcohol Abuse Report asserts that those students involved in bands or music were at a lower risk of engaging in drug and alcohol abuse because they have an alternative and positive outlet for their anger and frustration. Essentially, the amount of time required for practicing music cannot accord the students with the idl e time to engage in social evils. Many people have provided different reasons linked to the fact that cutting music from the school curriculum might be beneficial to some extent. What these people have not done is conducting comprehensive research on the benefits of music to the students. Some depict that cutting music translates to cutting costs. Although, this point cannot be disagreed with, because the fewer the number of programs in the school curriculum the lower the costs, cost should not be the element to be capitalized on. The element that should be very important is the realization of the academic goals of all students, which can be enhanced when their brain activity is augmented by music culminating into better grades and better academic, prospected. Essentially, other people argue that music is a very difficult subject to learn, therefore it can deter the learning process of students especially the young ones. This point cannot hold any water because the learning process is not an easy process but ease can be inserted into it through music. Nothing good can be achieved through little effort. A lot of effort has to be incorporated into the learning process, and hence holding that music is very difficult and can interfere with the learning process of the students is misguided. Some parents hold that teachers complain of the noise that is elicited from the music classrooms when students are playing the music instruments. This might be true to some extent but in most schools currently, the music rooms have been separated from the other classes so that other students can learn without the distractions from the music rooms[5]. Most parents assert that music should be made optional. This might be advantageous to some extent, but in accordance to the stipulations of the Journal of Research in Music Education, those involved in high quality music programs have higher grades in math and reading as c ompared to those involved in low quality music programs. Conclusion Music is one of the programs in contention under the school curriculum. This is because preferences have been linked to Math and English under the No Child Left Behind law, while at the same time most schools aiming at cutting cost through the reduction of educational programs in the school curriculum. This is not a positive move because music is linked to increased brain activity that might culminate into better grades. Research shows that those students with no musical background have lower chances of graduating. Essentially, those students involved in music have lower chances of involvement in drug and alcohol abuse. This is because music provides an emotional outlet for anger and frustrations. Music can be used in learning counting and fractions in a fun way. Inherently, music builds the self-esteem and confidence of most students and hence providing them with the chance to excel academically. In conclusion, robbing students of the chance to access music in school translates to r obbing them the chance to excel academically and socially.

An Essay on Responsibility in A Separate Peace

An Essay on Responsibility in A Separate Peace A Separate Peace: Responsibility A responsibility is something for which one is held accountable. Often people say that one is responsible for one’s own words and actions; if something happens as a result of something one does one is responsible for it. But is it possible that something could be the result of various actions from different people who are therefore equally responsible, or is there always one person who is most responsible for the incident at hand? Such a situation where this question is relevant is present in the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles. In the novel, the main character, Gene, ponders his responsibility for the death of his best friend, Phineas or Finny. After reading Gene’s account of the events that led to Finny’s death the reader may observe that there are three people who are all partially at fault for Finny’s death. Gene, a classmate named Brinker, and Phineas all had something to do with the incident, but who was most responsible for it? Gene is probably the most obvious to blame for part of Phineas’ death. Gene clearly feels guilty, that is why he returns to the tree fifteen years after the fact, for some sort of closure. As Gene and Finny were about to jump from a tree branch into the river together, Gene shook the branch causing Phineas to fall into the river unexpectedly and hurt his leg. Later on, when Phineas re-injured his leg and was having it set in a routine operation, he passed away. The doctor said that it was probably because some marrow entered his blood stream and caused his heart to stop. But if Finny had never fallen in the first place he would have not been on that operating table. Therefore, indirectly an action of Genes eventually resulted in Finny’s death. But was this action done consciously? The author does not specify. â€Å"My knees were bent and I jounced the limb†(Knowles p.52) says Gene in his account of the incident. â€Å"I jounced† is an active verb but †Å"were bent† is passive meaning that some unknown force bent Gene’s knees and as a result of that he jounced the limb. Since this action was not totally Gene’s he is not thus totally responsible for the fall or the events that occurred as a result of it. Brinker, Gene and Finny’s classmate was responsible for the circumstances that lead to Phineas’ second fall. Brinker suspected that Gene was responsible for Finny’s first fall and begrudged him somewhat for not enlisting in the army with him when he had wanted to. It was Brinker who called together the trial in which Gene was prosecuted for purposely causing Finny to fall off the tree. But even if Gene was to blame for Finny’s first fall, it was not necessary to drag Finny out of bed in the middle of the night and put him through such emotional turmoil when he was still physically vulnerable from the accident. If Brinker had not organized the trial Finny would have never rushed out in such an upset manner causing him to fall and hurt himself again. The doctor was not sure why Phineas died. â€Å"In the middle of it [the surgery] his heart just stopped. I can’t explain it.†(Knowles p.185) He said. Later on the doctor conjectured that Phineas p robably died when marrow entered his blood circulation and clogged his heart but Gene meant the world to Finny. The idea Brinker introduced to Phineas that his best friend would betray him hurt Phineas severely and maybe even caused him to loose the will to live. Brinker’s actions were crucial to Finny’s death and since they were done with cruel intentions Brinker is largely responsible for the death of his classmate. Surprisingly enough Finny is partly responsible for his own death. He knew that jumping off the tree into the river was dangerous hence the name of the club â€Å"Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session†(Knowles p.24) whose membership requirement was one jump from the tree. Also, if not for Finny Gene wouldn’t even have come to the meeting the night of the accident, Gene wanted to stay in the dorm and study but Finny used reverse psychology in order to convince him to come. Lastly, it was also Finny’s idea that they jump together rather then alone, risking the possibility that the movement of one could cause the other to loose his balance. If not for any of these incidents Finny would never have fallen to begin with, Gene’s trial would never have taken place, and he would not have found himself on that operating table. This makes Finny largely responsible for his first fall and partly responsible for his death. In conclusion although none of them were conscious that their actions would eventually lead to Finny’s death, Gene, Brinker, and Finny were all partly responsible for it. The one most to blame however was Finny himself, starting a club in which jumping off the tree into the river was a membership requirement was the first in the series of events that eventually lead to his death. If Finny had not done this none of the incidents which Gene and Brinker were at fault for would have ever had reason to take place. Consequently, the person most to blame for the death of Phineas was Phineas himself. As the song goes: â€Å"It is of no surprise to me, I am my own worst enemy.†(Lit Place in the Sun)